Dual energy ct physics books

Metal artifact reduction by dual energy computed tomography using monoenergetic extrapolation. Basic physics of nuclear medicinedualenergy absorptiometry. The potential of dualenergy computed tomography for. Physics ct dual energy, ssc14, 6001952, willi kalender, computed tomography, physics and basic science abstract archives of the rsna, 2007. Despite material differentiation through ct scans acquired with xray beams of different spectra had been conceived soon after the emergence of single energy ct in early 70 s, the clinical endorsement of the method and its widespread application was only initiated after the introduction of the first dual source ct systems in 2006. With his phd in electrical and computer engineering from the university of rochester in 2002, dr. The clinical practice, adaptation and techniques of dual energy ct is broken into individual articles. All measurements of dose, such as ctdi, reflect the average energy delivered to a volume of tissue, i. Dual energy ct in clinical practice thorsten johnson springer. The first implementation uses a single set of eigentissues to describe all human tissues, while the second uses different sets of eigentissues to characterize. In recent years, technological advances have allowed manufacturers to implement dual energy computed tomography dect on clinical scanners.

Spectral ct provides information about tissue composition by determining energy. The following states are members of the international atomic energy agency. Dualenergy ct dect is a new technological development whereby. Front matter dual energy ct in head and neck tumors dual energy ct in musculoskeletal tumors. In this book, physicists and specialists from different ct. The basic research on the fundamental principles, however, dates back to the 1970s, and that work in turn was based in part on even earlier work on x ra y absorptiometry. Standard computed tomography ct scanners use normal xrays to make crosssectional slicelike pictures or images of the body see insideradiology. Pdf dual energy ct dect measures the object of interest using two different xray spectra in order to provide. In this book, physicists and specialists from different ct manufacturers provide an insight into the technological basis of, and the different approaches to, dual energy ct. The physics of energy provides a comprehensive and systematic introduction to the scientific principles governing energy sources, uses, and systems. A tissue cancelation and enhancement algorithm for dual energy data was already proposed in 1981 and evaluated on experimental settings with a stationary xray source. Dual energy ct dect 2nd generation dual source system siemens. Dual energy computed tomography an overview sciencedirect. The ct xray tube typically with energy levels between 20 and 150 kev.

Dual energy ct is a novel, rapidly emerging imaging technique which offers important new functional and specific information. Pdf imagebased dual energy ct using optimized precorrection. Spectral computed tomography 2012 heismann publications. Dual energy ct in clinical practice thorsten johnson. This definitive textbook traces the flow of energy from sources such as solar power, nuclear power, wind power, water power, and fossil fuels through its transformation in devices such as heat. See the worlds first and only detectorbased spectral technology with philips iqon spectral ct duration. Principle of dect the principle of dual energy ct is based on. A dual energy ct scanner is fairly new technology that uses both the normal xray and also a second less powerful xray to make the images.

Taguchi is an expert in the fields of computed tomography ct image science, 3d and 4d image reconstruction, ct data acquisition, photon counting and spectral ct. The agencys statute was approved on 23 october 1956 by the conference on the statute of the iaea held at united nations headquarters, new york. Which of the following numbers reported by the scanner best reflects the total amount of radiation delivered to the patient dose. Dualenergy radiography is an imaging technique which can be used to eliminate bone information in an radiograph, so that an image displaying tissues only can be displayed. A and b, dualenergy abdominal ct angiography images show effect of kilovoltage on image contrast. In dualenergy ct, an additional attenuation measurement is obtained at a second energy, allowing the differentiation of the two materials fig 1. Although the underlying basic principles of dualenergy ct are the same regardless of scanner type, there are different technical implementation approaches. Dual energy ct in clinical practice by johnson, thorsten. Computed tomography, ct physics, radiation dose, dosimetry, dose reduction, optimization, image processing, isotropic resolution, dual energy, artifacts.

An internationally known medicalimaging investigator, dr. Unlike xray radiography, the detectors of the ct scanner do not produce an image. Evaluation of nonlinear blending in dual energy computed tomography. Because you always get the widest spectral separation possible, you can quantify even the subtlest changes such as bone marrow defects. Nih grant eb006837, ge healthcare, the lucas foundation this lecture includes off label use of ct scanners motivation two pictures are taken of the same slice, one at 100. Institute of medical physics, university of erlangennurnberg, henkestra. This book covers complex applications such as ct cardiac imaging and dualsource dualenergy ct scanning as well as the pitfalls and artifacts that will be encountered in clinical practice. Assuming the use of monoenergetic xrays, at approximately 100 kev the same linear attenuation coefficients can be measured for bone and iodine.

Kelley and firesteins textbook of rheumatology tenth edition, 2017. Applications in head and neck and neurologic imaging, an issue of neuroimaging clinics of north america, volume 273 1st edition. Alternatively, the technique can be used to generate the reverse effect where tissue information is eliminated and an image displaying bone only is generated. Physics principles disclosures uri shreter and robert senzig, ge healthcare thomas flohr and bernhard schmidt, siemens medical solutions research support. Philips introduces iqon, worlds first spectral detector ct. Dualenergy ct data can also be decomposed and then reconstructed to form a simulated virtual monochromatic image. Currently, there are four different dect imaging methods available i. Numerous highly experienced and wellknown authors have contributed chapters from various perspectives, highlighting the possibilities offered by the most modern. Principle of dual energy ct materials show different attenuation at different mean energies. Xiangyang tang is professor of radiology and imaging sciences in emory university school of medicine. Physics principles recent advances in ct scanner technologies have generated a great deal of interest in dual energy ct. Renowned medical scientists in the field explain the pathophysiological and molecular background. Computed tomography radiology reference article radiopaedia. The iqon spectral ct adds spectral resolution to traditional ct scanning through a new dual layer spectral detector.

Dual source for ct scanners siemens healthineers usa. Dual energy ct or multispectral ct is becoming increasingly more common in clinical practice due to the rapid rise in computer technology and expanding literature exhibiting vast advantages over conventional single energy ct clinical applications. Dual energy ct in clinical practice yoshizumi 2011. Use the link below to share a fulltext version of this article with your friends and colleagues. The potential of dual energy computed tomography for quantitative decomposition of soft tissues to water, protein and lipid in brachytherapy a malusek1, m karlsson1, m magnusson2 and g alm carlsson1 1 radiation physics, department of medical and health sciences, link. He leads a robust research program in advanced ct imaging technologies in the johns hopkins university istar laboratory. Dual source ct dual energy spectral imaging allows you to cover large anatomical volumes at high speeds and low doses. With a yttriumbased scintillator, the nanopanel prism detector identifies photons of high energy and low energy simultaneously, allowing you to not only view anatomy, but also use color to characterize the material content of. Technical advances such as faster scan times, thinner slices, multiplanar reformatting, and 3d rendering have revolutionized the scope of ct.

Dual energy ct dect simultaneously measures attenuations at two energies and therefore can improve the differentiation to some extent. Clinical uses already reported include 1 direct ct angiography, whereby the dual energy algorithm identifies and removes bone in a 3. Tang is a researcher with extensive expertise and experience in medical imaging focused on xray computed tomography ct, throughout his career in both academia emory since 2009 and. Dual energy ct, also known as spectral ct, is a computed tomography technique that uses two separate xray photon energy spectra, allowing the interrogation of materials that have different attenuation properties at different energies. Dualenergy ct is a novel, rapidly emerging imaging technique which offers important new functional and specific information. Ssc14 physics ct dual energy scientific papers computed tomography, physics. The book also includes chapters on the language of radiation dose and strategies for dose reduction that are essential for optimal ct imaging and patient safety. This is a new edition of the reputable book on the principles and designs of ct, which i believe is the best ct textbook available. Basic principles, technical approaches, and applications in. Two implementations of etd are compared with other prereconstruction formalisms established for dual energy and photoncounting ct in a simulation framework. Radiation exposure, ct angiography, dual energy imaging, and interventions all receive close attention, and a final chapter examines the role of multislice ct in trauma management. Ever since dual energy ct dect technology has rapidly progressed and several clinical applications have emerged. The coverage of dual energy ct has been significantly expanded to include its background, theoretical development, and clinical applications.